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主頁 > 新聞 > 最新資訊 > 中學(xué)生輔導(dǎo) > 初中英語必考八大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法詳解

初中英語必考八大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法詳解

日期:2021-01-18 10:30 點(diǎn)擊:

時(shí)態(tài)無疑是初中英語最重要的語法內(nèi)容,學(xué)好時(shí)態(tài)基本就拿下了語法的半壁江山。

今天總結(jié)的八種時(shí)態(tài)是大家在初中階段必學(xué)必考的,期末復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)一定要加倍重視哦!(溫馨提示:不要忘記收藏哦,用時(shí)好找)

1

 
 
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:動(dòng)詞原形
 

 
1. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常與表頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用:

She often speaks English.

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

 
2. 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、能力、感覺等:

He seems to feel a bit down today.

He works as a driver.

 
3.  表示真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)或用于格言警句中:

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

 
4. 表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作:

Here comes the bus!

 
5.  表示將來
1) 表按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的趨向動(dòng)詞),可以與表示未來的時(shí)間狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通狀況。如:

The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

How often does the shuttle bus run?

 
2) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的事情:

When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.

I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.

 

2

 
 
一般過去時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:動(dòng)詞過去式
 

 
*閉音節(jié):元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果發(fā)字母本來的音則稱為開音節(jié),否則稱為閉音節(jié)。
 
1. 表示過去某時(shí)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等)。如:

Jim rang you just now.

Liu Ying was in America last year.

 
2. 表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,特別是used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過去常常。如:

When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.

She used to visit her mother once a week.

*注意區(qū)分sb. used to do sth.(某人過去常常做某事,此處to是動(dòng)詞不定式標(biāo)志符號(hào))和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人習(xí)慣于某物/做某事,此處to是介詞)。
 
3. 代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。此用法僅適用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, would。如:

I wondered if you could have a word with me.

I hoped you could help me with my English.

Would you mind my sitting here?

 
4.  虛擬語氣中用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用句型有:

It is time that sb. did sth. “某人該做某事了”

would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”

 

3

 
 
一般將來時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形
 
1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:

We shall have a lot of rain next month.

My husband will come back in a few days.

 
2.  表示傾向性和習(xí)慣性:

Fish will die without water.

When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

 
3.  一般將來時(shí)的幾種句式結(jié)構(gòu)辨析:
1) will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形
多用于表達(dá)主觀愿望或必定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情(“將會(huì)如何”)
*shall作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般只用于第一人稱
 
2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形
表示即將發(fā)生或打算要做的事:

It is going to rain.

We are going to have a meeting today.

 
3) be to + 動(dòng)詞原形
表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:

He is to visit Japan next year.

We are to discuss the report on Monday.

 
4)  be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形
表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,意為“馬上要做某事”,后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語,如:

The plane is about to start.

Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

 

4

 
 
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
 
1.  表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:

She is writing a letter upstairs.

Who are you waiting for?

It is raining hard.

 
2.  表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行):

I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

 
3.  表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:

John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

He is always thinking of others first.

 
4. 表示將來
 
1)  表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

Uncle Wang is coming.

They're leaving for Beijing.

 
2)  在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。如:

Please drop in when you are passing my way.

If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.

 

5

 
 
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:was / were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
 
1.  表示過去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中常用的時(shí)間狀語有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:

I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

They were watching TV at home last night.

 
2.  表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:

My brother was always losing his keys.

 
3.  表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

 
4.  過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有一個(gè)主要用法就是描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景(一個(gè)長動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生):

Granny fell asleep when she was reading.

It was raining when they left the station.

 

6

 
 
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
 
1. 表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生并已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況(表示“已完成”)。如:

He has left the city. (結(jié)果:他目前不在這個(gè)城市)

Someone has broken the window. (結(jié)果:窗戶破了)

 
2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去(表示“未完成”)。

I have been busy since last week.

He has taught in our school for 30 years.

I’ve finished half so far.

 
注意 瞬間動(dòng)詞通常是不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)性的,但其否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以。如:

She hasn’t seen you for ages.

His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

 
3. 表示過去到現(xiàn)在為止反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如:

I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

 
4. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。如:

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

 
5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的常見詞語
能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常見的有:
 
1) since 自從

I have been there many times since the war.

We haven’t seen each other since last week.

We have been friends ever since.

 
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過去/最近…中

I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

I have been here (for) the last/past month.

 
3) so far 到目前為止

We haven’t had any trouble so far.

So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

 
4)  up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止

Up to now he’s been quiet.

Up to now, the work has been easy.

I have heard nothing from him up till now.

Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.

 
5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這是第一/二…次…

It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

 
6)  This is + 形容詞最高級(jí) + that … 這是最…

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

 
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
 
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系;
而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去,不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如:

I have seen this film. (我已經(jīng)看過了這部電影)

I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的這部電影)

 
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆沒有時(shí)間狀語;
而一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。
 
3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)一般使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如live, teach, work, know等);
而一般過去時(shí)常使用瞬間動(dòng)詞(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

 
7. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析
 
1)  考生容易把一些瞬間動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá),這是錯(cuò)誤的。如:

(×) He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。

(√) He has been dead for two years.

(√) He died two years ago.

(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。

(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

(×) She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。

(√) She has been married for three years.

(√) She married Mike three years ago.

 
2) 考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to,盡管兩者均可后接地點(diǎn),但have been to表示去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了),have gone to表示到某地去了(現(xiàn)在還沒回來)。如:

She has been to Paris (three times).

She has gone to Paris.

 

7

 
 
過去完成時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
 
1. 表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如:

By the end of last week he had finished the work.

He had left when I arrived.

 
2.  表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:

We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

 
3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的過去完成時(shí)表示主語未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如:

I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

 
4. (虛擬語氣)在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中,使用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如:

The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

 
5.  過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)
 
1) 基本區(qū)別:過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”,而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如:

He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)(離現(xiàn)在兩年)

He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過。(離他說話時(shí)兩年)

 
2) 特別注意:兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如果按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時(shí),多用一般過去時(shí)。如:

When she saw the mouse, she screamed.

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

 

8

 
 
過去將來時(shí)
 
標(biāo)志:would + 動(dòng)詞原形
 
1. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),一般用于主句為過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。如:

He said he would come here next Friday.

I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.

 
2. 表示過去的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣或傾向:

The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.

When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.

 
3. 用于虛擬語氣中:

If I were you, I would not do that.

If he were here, he would show us how to do it.

 
4. 過去將來時(shí)的其他形式
1)  was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:

He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.

She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.

 
2) was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:

The building was to be completed next month.

Li Lei was to arrive soon.

 
3)  was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:

We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.

 

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