高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與精練 | 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣

日期：2022-02-16 09:57 點(diǎn)擊：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣精講與精練

 

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣講前練：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

Tom: Hi,Mr.Smith.[1]   　you give me a hand?

Mr.Smith: Of course. You [2]　    　hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you?

Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.

Mr.Smith: What do you usually do after school?

Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I [3]　     　go home first.

Mr.Smith: Why don’t you go home directly?

Tom: My mother usually says,“Every student [4]　      　do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see, if I [5]　     　(do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired.

Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you [6]　     　never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think?

Tom: No. Even if I [7]　      　(tell)her before, she wouldn’t have understood it.

Mr.Smith: I don’t think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you [8]　     　as well learn to communicate with her.

Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I [9]　     　(talk)with her.

Mr.Smith: I [10]　      　agree more.

1、Can  2、needn’t  3、should  4、shall  5、did   6、can 7、had told   8、might  9、talked  10、can’t

 

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)精講：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1、?？嫉那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞

類	情態(tài)動(dòng)詞	含義	用法	例句
推 測(cè)	must	一定、肯定	只用于肯定句	You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
	can/could	可能、也許	用于否定句和問句，can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”	It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America.
	may/might	可能、也許	用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表“可能不”	Your mother may /might not know the truth.
能力	can/could	能夠	can只有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去時(shí)	Mary can speak three languages.
	be able to	能夠	be able to有更多的形式(如：will be able to, have been ble to )。當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，不用could而用was/were able to。這時(shí)was/were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to，表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。	He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain
許可	can/could	可以	①問句中用could/might更顯客氣和委婉。②肯定回答一般用can,顯得語(yǔ)氣肯定干脆。	--Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. )
	may/might	可以		May I come in?
必 要	must	必須	表主觀要求，注意must提起的一般疑問句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，見例句。	--Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
	have to	不得不	表客觀需求	It is raining heavily,so we have to stay at home.
	ought to	應(yīng)該	與should用法同	Yong people should show respect for the old.
	should	應(yīng)該	shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不應(yīng)該	You are his father and ought to take care of him.
其他	need	需要	1）用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后接to do 2）用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接  do，只用于否定句和問句	You don’t need to do it yourself.
	dare	敢		She dare not go out alone at night.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)態(tài)	情態(tài)動(dòng)詞		含義	例句
	must have done		肯定做過(guò)/發(fā)生過(guò)	It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
	can’t/couldn’t have done		不可能做過(guò)某事	Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I  saw him in the library just now.
	may/might have done		可能已經(jīng).....	You might have read about it in the papers
	could have done		本來(lái)可以.....，本來(lái)能夠	I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam.
	Should have done		本應(yīng)該做.....	You should have finished the task yesterday.
	ought to have done		本應(yīng)該做.....
	needn’t have done		本沒有必要做某事但又做了	I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
句型	can not/never.....too		無(wú)論怎么.....也不過(guò)分越.....越好	While crossing the street, you can never be too careful.
	Can not.....enough

 

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須接動(dòng)詞原形，在語(yǔ)法填空中，如果空格在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞原形之間，那么可能要填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。（也可能填do和will,shall的適當(dāng)形式）例如：

1.What is acceptable in one country [1]be considered extremely rude in another. Key:may

2.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he [2]______ bring home a regular salary.   Key:did

 

考點(diǎn)對(duì)練1 單項(xiàng)填空【雖然許多地區(qū)不考此題型，但依舊是掌握知識(shí)的很好的訓(xùn)練方式】

1．【2020·天津卷單項(xiàng)填空】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .

A．must       B．can       C．need       D．should

Key: B【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：吉姆說(shuō)我們可以住在他的房子里，只要我們保持它干凈整潔。A. must必須；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim許可我們待在他的房子里，即:我們”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故選B。

2．【2020·天津卷單項(xiàng)填空】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.

A．must       B．should       C．mustn’t       D．shouldn't

Key: D【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done。句意：你本不應(yīng)該因?yàn)樗憩F(xiàn)不好而責(zé)罵他。畢竟，他已經(jīng)盡力了。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知此處表示“本不該”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不該做的事，must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的肯定性推測(cè)；should have done表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事而實(shí)際上未做；mustn’t不和have done連用。故選D。

知識(shí)拓展：

1）must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，指“一定做過(guò)某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句：

EG1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。

EG2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人說(shuō)話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。

2）should have done意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做。”

3）shouldn't have done表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意.

EG3.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.湯姆,你太懶惰了,這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。

EG4.Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't  have been so harsh on him.看，湯姆哭了，我本來(lái)不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)厲。

3.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A. need                         B. should                                C. can                                D. must

Key:C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：在今天的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問題是客觀上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況，即“客觀可能性”，故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒有該用法。need需要；should應(yīng)該，竟然；must必須，肯定。

知識(shí)拓展：can的基本用法：1）(表示能力、功能)能，會(huì)；2）(表示推測(cè))可能，可能會(huì)；3）（表示允許，請(qǐng)求）可以；4）（表示客觀可能性）有時(shí)會(huì)。

4.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

A. must                               B. should                               C. can                               D. need

Key: C【解析】：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞A. must 必須；B. should應(yīng)該；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我們班最高的男生，能很輕松地夠著書架頂上的書。此處需要一個(gè)表示能力的詞，故用can，答案為C。

 

三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)精講：

虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)1、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

類別	用法		例句
If引導(dǎo)的條件從句	與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反	從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were） 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+do	If he were here, he would help us.
	與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反	從句動(dòng)詞：had+done 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+done	If I had been free,I would have visited you.
	與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反	從句動(dòng)詞： 過(guò)去式/should+do/wereto +do 主句動(dòng)詞： should/would/could/might+do	If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虛擬條件句	將虛擬條件從句中的were，had, should放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝		①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up. ②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you.
錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣	條件從句與主句表達(dá)的時(shí)間不一致		If I had followed your advice, I would be in college now.

 

虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)2、表命令、要求、建議的詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng)詞insist, order, command, advise, suggest,propose,recommend, desire, demand, require, request, urge后接的賓語(yǔ)從句以及他們相應(yīng)的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞為should+do。（should可以省略）（記憶口訣：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，四個(gè)建議，五個(gè)要求）

EG1：He suggested that we （should）not change our mind.

 

虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)3、其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、wish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去完成式和would/could/might+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反      

EG1: I wish I had gone to Shanghai last month.

2、句型It is time that…句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should+do      

EG2: It’s high time that we left/should leave.

3、would rather（寧愿）所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式      

EG3: I would rather you stayed at home now.

4、If only（要是....該多好）句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望      

EG4: If only our dream had come true! （與條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法一樣）

 

考點(diǎn)對(duì)練2：

1. 【2020·江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.

A. won’t beB. wouldn’t have been       C. wouldn’t be       D. shouldn’t have been

Key: C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我沒有面對(duì)那么多的障礙，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里。分析句子成分可知，此處是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)空后where I am可知，此處是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用would/could/might/should+do。故選C。

2.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.

A. accomplished       B. had accomplished

C. would accomplish       D. would have accomplished

Key: D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：工人們沒有被更好的組織起來(lái)，否則他們用一半的時(shí)間就能完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organized可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選D。

3.【2018·江蘇】It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s 

permission.

A. would                         B. shouldC. could                         D. might

Key :B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真奇怪，他竟然沒有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中的should可以省略。故選B。

4.【2018·江蘇】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I  _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had                                B. will haveC. would have had          D. have had

Key: A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A。

知識(shí)拓展：由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

1）用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）。

2）用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

3）wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

5.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught                  B. caughtC. have caught                 D. would catch

Key: A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。

 

四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)考技巧：

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣在全國(guó)卷中不是考查的重點(diǎn)，但偶爾也會(huì)考到，如填空題中填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,should,may等詞，考含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

2、在語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)題中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形是考查的重點(diǎn)，含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中的動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤也時(shí)有考到。

EG1：(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.Key:chose-choose

EG2:(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.

Key:can-should或劃掉can

3.在聽力和閱讀中，要注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞尤其是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done和虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)文章理解的影響。

EG3：看下面聽力中的對(duì)話：

A.Oh, dear. I wish we had taken the lift.

B.If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.

What are the two speakers doing?

A.Walking down a hill.

B.Climbing stairs.

C.Discussing a trip.

解析：解這道題，不僅要聽懂，而且要理解好兩句虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。I wish we had taken the lift.

意為“我希望我們乘坐了電梯”，言外之意是我們現(xiàn)在沒有坐電梯；第二句虛擬語(yǔ)氣“If I had known it was so far up, I wouldn’t have suggested walking.”意為“如果我知道上來(lái)有這么遠(yuǎn)，我就不會(huì)建議走路了”，言外之意是現(xiàn)在他們現(xiàn)在在爬樓梯，沒有坐電梯。

 

五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)精練

(一)單句語(yǔ)法填空(真題改編)：在空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.【2021.3 天津卷單選改編】It used to be that you            drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.

Key:could【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：以前你可以開車到這里走好幾英里，而看不到別的人，但現(xiàn)在到處都是房子和人?？崭袂懊媸侵髡Z(yǔ)后面是動(dòng)詞原形所以應(yīng)該填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，有根據(jù)句意本空應(yīng)填could。

2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空改編】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________（have）a good time together.

 Key :would have had【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過(guò)一段愉快時(shí)光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，所以填would have had

3.【2018·天津改編】10. I can't find my purse. I___________（leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

Key: could have left【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我不能找到我的錢包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done，再根據(jù)后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could have left ，表示“可能把它忘記在超市了”。故選D。

4.【2018·北京改編】They might have found a better hotel if they _________（drive）a few more kilometers.

Key:had driven【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，該句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。if ____ a few more kilometers是條件句部分，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填had driven

5.【2017·北京卷改編】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

Key: had been put  【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果這個(gè)新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用過(guò)的話，這個(gè)事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)主句確定是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，所以從句謂語(yǔ)用had done形式，此外根據(jù)句意可知是被動(dòng)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填had been put。

6.【2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ，閱讀A改編】When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she ________not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.Key:could

7.【2014·湖南，25改編】—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

—Do you mean we________ (not)bring anything with us? Key:needn’t

8.【2014·北京，27改編】________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. Key: can

9．【2016·北京，31改編】I love the weekend, because I_______get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.Key:needn’t

10．【2016·浙江，17改編】George ________(go) too far .His coffee is still warm.

Key:can’t have gone

11．【2015·北京，29改編】—Can't you stay a little longer?

—It's getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.Key:must

12．【2015·重慶，12改編】You _______ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.Key:must

13．【2015·陜西，21改編】You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.Key:may

14．【2015·福建，27改編】—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations. Key:should/ought to

15．【2015·天津，7改編】I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Key:needn’t

16．【2015·北京，34改編】If I ________(not see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.Key:hadn’t seen

17．【2015·重慶，7改編】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________(write)his famous novel AFarewelltoArms.Key:wouldn't have written

18．【2015·陜西，23改編】Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance)as well as her.Key:danced

19.【2015·天津，13改編】I wish I ________(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.Key:had been

20.【2015·安徽，32改編】It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________(have)nowhere to stay now.Key:would have

21.【2014·湖南，22改編】If Mr.Dewey________(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.Key:had been

22.【2014·陜西，23改編】We would rather our daughter________(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.Key:stayed

23.It is high time we _________ (get) down to discuss this plan.Key:got/should get

24.I insisted he ________(go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _________ (be) wrong with him.Key:(should) go/was

25.Her pale face suggested that she ______ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _______(have) a medical examination. Key: was/(should) have

 

(二)單句語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)

1.【2018·全國(guó)II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.Key:劃掉to 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。would后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故把to刪除。

2.【2018·江蘇改編】It’s strange that he would have taken the books without the owner’s

permission.  Key:would→should

3.【2018·江蘇改編】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I have a second chance to become more involved. key : have→had

4.【2018·天津改編】10. I can't find my purse. I should have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. Key: should→could

5.【2018·北京改編】13. They might have found a better hotel if they have driven a few more kilometers. Key:have→had

 

(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)篇填空訓(xùn)練

I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there [1]________(be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do.How I wish I [2]________(listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and [3]________(play) table tennis for an hour in the morning！It's my desire that we [4]________(hold) evening parties or [5]_______(organize) some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there [6]________(notbe)so many tests.You can imagine what life [7]_______ (will) be if I [8]_______(realize) my dream.But I must face the exams.Without good marks, I [9]________(will) not enter my ideal university.Anyway, it's high time that I [10]________(encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.

Keys:1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should)hold 5.(should)organize 6.(should)be 7.would 　 8.realized/should realize/were to realize 　9.would 　10.encouraged /should encourage