高考英語語法精講與精練 |動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)

日期：2022-02-17 10:16 點擊：

動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)精講與精練

 

一、動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)講前練：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式或用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（1個）填空

I [1]_______ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony [2]______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he [3]________ (work) at a bank now. He [4]______ (get) a good salary, but he always [5]_______ (borrow) money from his friends and never [6]______ (pay) it back. Tony [7]_____ (see) me and [8]_______ (sit) at the same table. He [9]___ never [10]__________ (borrow) money from me. While he [11]___________ (eat), I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he [12]_____ (give) me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

講前練小結(jié)：1）有關(guān)時態(tài)的試題要重點關(guān)注時間狀語、上下文體現(xiàn)的時間關(guān)系和句型中的時態(tài)問題，2）牢記不規(guī)則動詞的變化。

Keys:1. was having  2. worked 3. is working 4.gets 5. borrows 6. pays  7. saw 8.. sat

9. has 10. borrowed 11. was eating 12. gave

 

二、動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點精講：

動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點1、主要的時態(tài)的形式及含義

 

 

考點對練1:用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.【2021·浙江高考卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 36（prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.

Key:has proved/has proven   句意：它不像喬治華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家，自從向公眾開放以來，就被證明對游客來說是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作謂語動詞，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主語；結(jié)合句意及設(shè)空處后的時間狀語從句since it opened to the public可知，此處指過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，符合現(xiàn)在完成時概念，故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have +過去分詞；主語Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以助動詞用has，提示詞prove 的過去分詞形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。

2.【2017·江蘇卷改編】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________（follow）.Key: was being followed

3.【2017·北京卷改編】33. People________ (has)better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. Key:have

4.【2017·北京卷改編】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________________ (not invent)yet. Key：hadn’t been invented

5.【2016·北京改編】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We _______________ (wait) here for more than two hours.

Key:have been waiting

6.【2016·北京改編】25. I ________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.  Key: have read

7.【2016·北京改編】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ______________ (reward) with success in the end. Key:will be rewarded

8.【2015·重慶改編】1.  —Is Peter coming?

—No, he_____________ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.  Key: changed

 

動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點2、?？嫉暮瑫r態(tài)的句型

1、was /were about to do….when…正要做某事…這時突然…

2、was/were doing….when…. 正在做某事…這時突然…

3、had done….when….. 剛做完某事…這時突然…

4、was/were on the point of doing ….when…. 正要做某事…這時突然…..

5、had hardly done ....when....did= had no sooner done.....than....did...一......就.....

6、It [This] is the first time＋that-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時

EG:It is the second time that I have visited Africa.

7、It [This] is the 最高級+名詞＋that-結(jié)構(gòu)中，that-從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時

EG：This is the most delicious food that I have eaten.

8、plan, hope, intend, want, mean等表示計劃、準(zhǔn)備、安排等的動詞，它們的過去完成時態(tài)表示未曾實現(xiàn)的過去愿望。I had planned to attend the lecture, but I forgot it.

9、… ago用于一般過去和過去進行時態(tài)   見到by用完成時態(tài)。by now現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài) by 2005過去完成時態(tài)   by 2050將來完成時態(tài)  

10、含有時間狀語recently，since....., in the past/last two years,never, for two years, three times(twice), so far=up to now=up to the present現(xiàn)在完成(進行)時態(tài)。 

 

考點對練2:用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~（1個）

1.【2020•浙江高考】By about 6000 BC, people　61　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

Key：had discovered?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)By about 6000 BC可知,此處用過去完成時。

2.【2017·天津卷改編】8. I ________（drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.Key: was driving

3.【2016·北京改編】21. Jack ________ （work）in the lab when the power cut occurred.

Key:was working

4. If it _____________(not rain) tomorrow, the students will go to the movies. Key: doesn’t rain

5.John is always ______________(help) others. Key:helping

6.I ____________(learn) 900 English words by the time I was ten.

7.【2015·福建改編】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and______________(write) his essay there ever since.

Key: has been writing

8.【2014·全國大綱卷改編】32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody __________ (see)them since. Key: has seen  

9.. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) key：have seen

10.Hardly ________ I reached the station when the train started. 

Key: had考查句型hardly......when.....

11.I first __________(read) the fashion magazine two years ago and have subscribed to it since.

Key:read

 

三、考點應(yīng)考技巧：

1、在語法填空題中，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和各種時態(tài)的動詞形式判斷空格處是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，如果是謂語動詞則根據(jù)時間狀語和上下文判斷用什么時態(tài)，

2、在短文改錯題中，主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的誤用，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的誤用，另外就是主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用。

六、時態(tài)語態(tài)考點精練

(一)動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)單句語法填空

1.【(2021·全國甲卷】We 46 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shakybut did the job.

Key:考查時態(tài)。句意：我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時，謂語動詞用過去式。故填hired。

2.【2018·全國I】While running  regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it _____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. Key: is

3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

Key：考查一般過去時。句意：你不禁會想，對當(dāng)時的人們來說，把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知，“how hard it   61  (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語，it是從句的形式主語，不定式為真正主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)then可知安置臺階的石頭為陳述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填was。

4.【2018·全國II】Since 2011,the country ______（grow）more corn than rice. Key:has grown

5.【2021·浙江高考卷】When the house was built, it was muchsmaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___（paint）white. It was sweet and fresh.

Key:was painted 考查被動語態(tài)。句意：這個小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作謂語動詞，The little home作主語。結(jié)合句意及常識可知，房子是“被漆”的，主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)上文的was built可知，此處為一般過去時態(tài)；一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過去分詞；主語The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以要用was，提示詞paint的過去分詞形式是painted。故填was painted。

6.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】The unmanned Change-4 probe (探測器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 　61　 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

Key：touched考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是對探月器名稱的解釋,可以看作是插入成分。故可判斷出空格處是謂語動詞。再根據(jù)句中的時間狀語last week可知此處用一般過去時。touched down 降落,著陸。

7.【2020•全國III卷】The artist was sure he would　63　 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.

Key：be chosen?？疾檎Z態(tài)。根據(jù)文章意思,此處應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài),而且前面有情態(tài)動詞would其后應(yīng)用動詞原形,填be chosen。

8.【2020•全國III卷】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 　66　 (point) down the river.

Key:pointed?？疾閺?fù)合句。and連接兩個謂語動詞,空格處的動詞形式應(yīng)和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。

9.【2018·全國II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ______ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. Key:started

10.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　65　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to abelief that populations are increasing.

Key：have reported。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語In recent years可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。

11.【2018·全國III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______(mean)me no real harm.Key:meant 【true to忠于，信守，按照】

12.【2018·浙江】I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ______(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.Key: was shocked

13.【2017·全國I】When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. Key:are removed

14.【2017·全國I】Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.key: is

15. 【2017·全國II】Steam engines _________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have beenfairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. Key:were used

16.【2017·全國II】Later, engineers _______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known as the tube. Key:managed

17.【2017·全國III】Sarah__________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime. key: was told/has been told.

18.【2017·全國III】Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school  ________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling." Key:comes

19.【2016·全國I】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__________（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Key: was allowed

20.【2016·全國II】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _______ (be) often acceptable.Key: is

21.【2016·全國II】 It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _______ (make )sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.Key:make

22.【2016·全國III】Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Key: be made

23.【2016·全國III】Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.Key: were

 

(二)動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)單句語法改錯

1.【2021年全國甲卷】Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.

Key:考查動詞的時態(tài)。前后的句子都是一般現(xiàn)在時，此處沒有明顯的過去的時間狀語，故此處應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時。故把 kept 改為keep。

2.【2021年全國乙卷】 In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they like.

Key:考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)firstly和also可知，上下句是不同獲益方面的列舉。同時，根據(jù)已知謂語動詞gives判斷，doing housework的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。故把was改為is。

3.【2020·全國卷II】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old。

Key:考查時態(tài)。句意：事實上，我七歲時就開始學(xué)功夫了。分析句子，此處動詞start講述的是7歲的時候，動詞應(yīng)該用過去時。故將start改為started。

4.【2020·全國卷III】 For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

Key:考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語every morning，可知這里表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為I，謂語動詞要用原形。所以had改成have。

5.【2019·全國卷II】One was that I was amaed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

Key:考查一般過去時。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時，且與最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。講述當(dāng)時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。

6.【2018•卷Ⅰ】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.  Key: find→found

7.【2018•卷Ⅱ】I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.     

Key:are→were

8.【2018•卷Ⅲ】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.

Key:begin→begun

9.【2018•北京改編】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had trapped in the mountains for two days.     Key:had后加been  

10.【2018•天津改編】 My washing machine is repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.     Key:repaired前加being

11.【2018•江蘇改編】 I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carrying out in the past two years.       Key:carrying→carried

12.【2018•北京改編】—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?

—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just have started on Monday.   Key:去掉have 

13..【2018•北京改編】China's high-speed railways grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.            Key:在grown前加have

14.【2018•北京】Susan had quit her well-paid job and is working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.          Key:is→was

15.【2018•江蘇】Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we have developed more convenient electronic communication tools by then.   Key:we后加have

16.My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.Key: are→were

17.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents have been occurred since last year.Key:劃掉been

18.It was the first time that he left his homeland. Key: he后加had

19.After we seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach. Key: seated前加were

20.In the past three years, the doctor saved many people’s lives. Key:saved前加has

21. Our physics teacher said light traveled faster than sound.Key:traveled→travels

22.When she came, you were on your way to get the key you have left in the office.

key:.have→had

23.Hardly had the doctor gone to bed when there is a knock on the door.Key:is→was

24.When I was in high school,I was weighed 70kg. Key: 劃掉was

 

(三)動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)篇填空訓(xùn)練(以動詞時態(tài)為主)

It was getting dark when I [1]_______(get) home. It was cold and I [2]_______________(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket [3]________(take) out my key but I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I [4]_________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must  [5] __________come) back from school by now, so I knocked at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I [6]____________(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy [7]___________(tell) me at noon. He said that my wife [8] ________ (phone) saying that she [9]_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.

There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in [10]_________ a window.

Keys: 1.got 2, was wearing 3.to take  4.had left  5.have come

6.continued 7.had told 8.had phoned 9.would go  10.through