日期:2022-03-02 10:23 點(diǎn)擊:
語(yǔ)法可以說(shuō)是不少同學(xué)的心頭痛,看著那個(gè)“空”我是真不知道填啥,即使填對(duì)了詞,也會(huì)填錯(cuò)這個(gè)詞的365種變型!所以為大家整理了6種高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn),語(yǔ)法薄弱的同學(xué)建議收藏起來(lái)慢慢看哦~
01
定語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where when why 等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
例如:
① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析
在句①中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)代指,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the days;
而在句②中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)代指。
同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞where 或why來(lái)代指;如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),則用which或that來(lái)代替。
例如:
① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語(yǔ))
② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語(yǔ))
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason, place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。
例如:
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
② That is the reason (why) I did it.
③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞數(shù)一致。
①M(fèi)r. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.
②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析
在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。
02
名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
*that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如:fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定語(yǔ)從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。
① Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
② Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析
在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。
而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ),對(duì)先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。
*名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1) 名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主語(yǔ))
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語(yǔ))
2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語(yǔ)it.
Eg: I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)動(dòng)詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it.
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語(yǔ)it.
① I’m counting on it that you will come.
② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.
注:作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用it.
03
代詞it、one、that用法與區(qū)別
One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語(yǔ),否則就要用some.
That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語(yǔ)連用。
It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,還可表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語(yǔ),形式賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配.如 get it, catch it, make it.
① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)
③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或two blue ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one (或 some)
04
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
但在主句中,句①依然指代過(guò)去的情況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是would have done。
而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法
在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等
① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
05
反意疑問(wèn)句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1.在一般疑問(wèn)句中,無(wú)論肯定的問(wèn)或是否定的問(wèn),如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.
特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。
①—Are you a new comer?
—Yes, I came here only yesterday.
②—Isn’t Tom a good student?
—Yes, he is excellent.
③—Don’t you think the composition good?
—No, It can’t be any worse.
注意:在②③句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相一致時(shí),則用No,譯為“是的”,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相反時(shí),則用Yes,譯為“不”
2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must
① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?
② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推測(cè))
③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? (表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)
④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? (表過(guò)去)
當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)確定其反問(wèn)形式。
06
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系:
如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;
如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);
如既無(wú)主動(dòng)也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語(yǔ)加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ))
例句
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.
解析:從這個(gè)句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)he一致,并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語(yǔ),同時(shí),分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。
In order to improve English , ____.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.
B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.
C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.
D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.
解析:根據(jù)不定式短語(yǔ)我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人而不是物,所以,應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語(yǔ),而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.
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