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中考英語 | 高頻考點(diǎn)及易錯點(diǎn)

日期:2023-08-25 09:46 點(diǎn)擊:

名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
 
1.一般情況,直接加-s,
如:book-books,
 
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,
如:bus-buses, fox-foxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
 
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,
如:family-families,
strawberry-strawberries
 
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,
如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves
 
5. 以o結(jié)尾有生命的+es,無生命的+s,元音oo結(jié)尾+s,
如: photo- photos, 
potato-potatoes, 
kangaroo-kangaroos
 
6.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的有
Chinese, Japanese, 
fish, deer, sheep
 
7.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, 
woman-women, 
policeman-policemen, 
policewoman-policewomen, 
mouse-mice, 
child-children, 
foot-feet, 
tooth-teeth, 
people (人們)
注意:當(dāng)people表示民族,復(fù)數(shù)+s。
如:There are 56 peoples in China.
中國有56個民族。
 
8. 表示某國人的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,中日不變英法變,其余s加后面。
Englishman - Englishmen,
Frenchman - Frenchmen,
German - Germans
 
9.不規(guī)則變化
mouse-mice,foot-feet, 
child- children,  tooth - teeth, 
man - men, woman - women,
ox-oxen,grown-up-grown-ups,
passer by-passers by,
brother in law-brothers in law,
注意:當(dāng)man與woman作定語修飾的名詞改為復(fù)數(shù)時,兩者都要改為復(fù)數(shù),
如:two women doctors,
many men leaders。
 
10. 特殊情況
①只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)形式。
如:trousers褲子,clothes衣服,
shorts短褲,goods商品,
glasses眼鏡,people人們等。
②集合名詞不能用具體的數(shù)字修飾,只能在其前加the表示全體,
如:the police,the English,
the people,動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式,
但family,class,team,group等集合名詞,若指整體,看作單數(shù)形式,若指其中的成員,則看作復(fù)數(shù)形式,動詞也應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)變化。
注意:
 
many,few,a few,each、
every,a(large/great) number of,
a great/ good many等修飾可數(shù)名詞。
little、a little、 alarge amount of等只修飾不可數(shù)名詞
some,several,any,enough,
most,a lot of/lots of,
plenty of,a large/small quantity of等既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
 
③同一詞在不同意義下有可能可數(shù)有可能不可數(shù)
不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式,前面不能直接加冠詞,但在一些固定短語中有些不可數(shù)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,
如have a good time,
a heavy rain,a strong wind等。
不可數(shù)名詞可以用much,little,a little,
a great deal of,
a large/small amount等來修飾,
當(dāng)這些做主語時,主要看量的單位形式?jīng)Q定其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
 
④復(fù)數(shù)形式的單數(shù)名詞
有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式,實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。如:news(消息),maths(數(shù)學(xué)),physics(物理)。No news is good news。
 
名詞的所有格
1. 名詞所有格一般都是在結(jié)尾加 ’s,如:Kate’s,但以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù),只加 ’ ,
如Teachers’ Day;
of+名詞用來表示無生命東西的所有關(guān)系,
如:the problem of the Americans。 
2. 當(dāng)某物為兩人共有時,名詞所有格為A+B’s。而當(dāng)某物為各人所有時為A’s+B’s。
 
3. 雙重屬格則指:of屬格+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞,如:a cousin of my father's,a friend of mine。
 
冠詞
冠詞包括不定冠詞(Indefinite Article)、定冠詞(Definite Article)、否定冠詞(Negative Article)、部分冠詞(Partitive Article)和零冠詞(Zero Article,即不用冠詞)。
1. 不定冠詞(a+輔音音素/an+元音音素)
易錯說明:
hour, honest, honor,uniform, European等詞是元音字母開頭,但是第一個發(fā)音的音素是輔音,所以前面用a
2. 定冠詞(the表特定)
①表示某個或某些特定的人或物
如:Tom is the moniter of our class.  
湯姆是我們班的班長。(不是別的班的)
②特指雙方都明白的人或物
如:I am cold,would you please close the door.  
我很冷,請把門關(guān)了。(雙方都知道是哪個門)
③世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物
如:The sky is blue.
天空是藍(lán)色的。
The earth goes around the sun.
 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
④上文提到過的人或事
如:He has a pen and the pen is given by his sisiter.
他有一支鋼筆,這支鋼筆是他妹妹給的。
⑤用在序數(shù)詞和最高級前面:第一the first、第二the second、第三the third
如:He is the tallest in our class. 
他是我們班最高的。   
⑥用在表示樂器的名詞前
如:He can play the piano/violin/guitar.
他會彈鋼琴/拉小提琴/彈吉他......
⑦用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
如:The Greens are watching TV. 
格林一家在看電視。
⑧用在習(xí)慣用語中
在白天in the day(在晚上at night)
在早上/下午/晚上 in the morning/afternoon/ evening
⑨形容詞前表示一類人或物或抽象概念
the poor 窮人, the rich 富人,the old 老人   
3.零冠詞用法:
① 國名、人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary
②泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定冠詞
如:They are teachers.
他們是教師。
③抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞
如:Failure is the mother of success. 
失敗乃成功之母。
④物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞
如:Man cannot live without water.
人離開水就無法生存。
⑤在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞
如:We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
⑥在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞
如:The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。
⑦在三餐、球類運(yùn)動和娛樂運(yùn)動的名稱前,不加冠詞
如:have breakfast,play chess
⑧當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時,常省去冠詞
如:I can't write without pen or pencil.
沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。
⑨當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞
如:by bus,by train;
⑩有些個體名詞不用冠詞。
school,college,prison,
market,hospital,bed,
table,class,town,church,court 
等個體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義
如:go to hospital 
去醫(yī)院看病
go to the hospital 
去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
 ?不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞
a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞。
b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞。如:He came first in the race.
c. 在固定詞組中:at (the) first,first of all;from first to last
such、so的用法
1、such的用法
such作限定詞和all,no,any,some,other,another等詞連用時,such放后面。
如果such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且與不定冠詞連用時需置于其前;such前有no時不用冠詞。
2、so的用法
在believe,think,expect,suppose等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點(diǎn),在肯定句中表示與上文相同的情況,如:So do I.
固定短語
1、重點(diǎn)介詞短語
except for除了
in place of代替
on behalf of代表
but for要不是
in front of在…前面
 
2、易混淆的固定短語
in all總共
after all畢竟
at all根本,常用在否定句中表強(qiáng)調(diào)
above all最重要的是,尤其是
agree to同意某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃或安排
agree with同意某人
agree on達(dá)成協(xié)議、意見一致
compare…with…把…與…相比
compare…to…把…比作…Life is compared to a voyage.生命被比作一次航行。
be made from something:指“用某種原料制造出來”,這種原料經(jīng)過制造,
已經(jīng)看不出原來的模樣。
be made of:也表示“用某東西制造出來”,但不同的是,可以看出原料。
before long不久以后
long before很久以前(多用于過去完成時)
die of因…而死,表示內(nèi)部原因如疾病
die from因…而死,表示外部原因如交通事故
be famous for以…出名(某種技能、某部作品)
be famous as以某種身份出名
be famous to為某人所知The writer is famous to us.
hear of間接的聽說
hear about聽到…的詳情
hear from收到…的來信
in the air在空中,懸而未決的(后者比較常用)
in the open air在戶外
on the air在廣播、正在播放
keep doing sth.一直做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)活動不間斷的狀態(tài)
keep on doing sth.一直做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)客服困難持續(xù)堅(jiān)持
only if只有…才…
if only要是…就好了,接虛擬語氣
used to do過去常常做某事
get/become/beused to doing sth.習(xí)慣于
be used to do被用來做某事
become指身份和職位的變化
get+形容詞表變得,多用于口語
grow表逐漸變成某種狀態(tài)
turn+表顏色和天氣的形容詞,變得和以前完全不同
go+adj.從好的狀態(tài)變成壞的狀態(tài)
in future距現(xiàn)在距離較近的將來Don’t do that in future.
in the future距現(xiàn)在距離較遠(yuǎn)的將來Who knows what will happen in the future?
no more than僅僅,只不過
not more than至多,不超過
sometime在過去或未來的某個時候
sometimes有時
some time一段時間
some times幾倍、幾次
介詞across, over, through, past四個??冀樵~的區(qū)別
across 橫穿穿越,發(fā)生在物體表面
over 跨過越過,發(fā)生在物體上方
through 穿過,發(fā)生在某物空間內(nèi)
past 從旁經(jīng)過
v.+to do / v+doing
forget to do忘記做某事;orget doing忘記已做過某事
regret to do遺憾要做某事;regret doing后悔做過某事
mean to do 打算企圖做某事;mean doing意味著做某事
try to do 努力做某事;try doing試圖做某事
need to do需要做某事;need doing需要被…
by的用法
在…旁邊=beside
靠、通過某種手段、交通工具
按照   It is 8 by my watch.
在…之前、不遲于   Can you return the book by Monday?
被、由用于被動語態(tài)   written by Jk.
for的用法
為了、給(表示目的)
歷經(jīng)(時間、距離)  for a month
以…代價/價錢交換
支持贊成,反義詞against
就…而言   too much for me
of的用法
所屬關(guān)系   a friend of mine
同位關(guān)系   the city of BJ
關(guān)于,表示動作的對象(常與hear,think,talk連用) hear of sb.
 
虛擬語氣
 
圖片
1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬
If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do (動詞原形)
如:If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)
If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)
2. 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬
If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
如:If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didn't know your telephone number.)
If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.)
3. 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v. (可能性很?。ㄗg作“萬一”)
如:If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v. (完全不可能)
如:If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
4. 特殊
①動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式,即should + 動詞原形。此類常見的動詞有:order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議), insist(堅(jiān)決要求), advise, etc.
如:He suggested that we should help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework should be finished within half an hour.
②名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should + 動詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。此類常見的名詞有:suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
如:He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.
I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.
③ It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語+ should + v.
如:It is strange that you should say such a thing.
It was important that you should tell me all the information.
④ wish后的賓語從句中,as if 后的狀語從句中,須用下列的虛擬形式:
主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指現(xiàn)在)
had done(指過去)
would+ v.(指將來)
如:I wish that I met my uncle now.
I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.
I wish I could meet my uncle tomorrow.
⑤It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...
如:It is time that you went to bed.
⑥ would rather that ... + did / were ...
如:I would rather that you were not here now.
⑦would sooner that ... + did / were ...
如:I would sooner that you got up earlier.
I would sooner that you were not my brother.
時態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時表將來的2種情況:
①擬定或安排好的事情、一定要發(fā)生的動作
如:The train arrives at 10.
②在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時表將來
2、過去即將要發(fā)生的動作
was/were about to do sth.
3、句子中出現(xiàn)過去時,才會使用過去;完成時表過去的過去:一直延續(xù)到過去的動作
如:I was tired. I had been working sincedawn.
句型
1、句型It is adj. for sb.to do sth./It is adj. of sb. to do sth.
It is adj. for sb.to do sth.(普通的形容詞,如hard,impossible,important。)
如:It is beneficial for you to do sports.運(yùn)動對你有益。
It is adj. of sb. to do sth.(形容人的性格特征:如nice,kind,clever,foolish,smart。)
如:It is kind of you to help me.你能幫我太好了。
2、經(jīng)常接疑問詞+不定式的動詞:
learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider, decide.
如:I have to learn how to study English.
3、主謂一致
the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)
a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
someplentyofa lot of,謂語動詞根據(jù)所修飾的詞而定
a quantity of謂語動詞用單數(shù);large quantities of謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
4、謂語動詞就近一致
either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致
5、同位語從句
常跟同位語從句的名詞或短語:belief /doubt /hope /report /word /opinion /idea…
如:We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
6、直接引語和間接引語
變間接引語要向前推一個時態(tài)!
如:He said, ”I am sorry.”
He said that he was sorry.
7、定語從句who/whom的用法(介詞+whom)
例:He is the man who lives next door.
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.
8、定語從句that/which的用法
通??梢曰Q,但下列情況必須用that(改錯??迹?span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: unset; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">先行詞是all,much,few,little,something等不定代詞時;先行詞有the only,the same,the very修飾時;主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時;先行詞既有物又有人時;先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時
9、as和which用法辨析
引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句:as的先行詞只能是句子,which的先行詞可以是詞。
10、表示一…就的引導(dǎo)詞
as soon as/immediately/instantly/the moment/no sooner than/hardly
注意:no sooner與hardly在句首時,要求句子倒裝。
11、so that 連用引導(dǎo)目的/結(jié)果狀語從句
so adj./adv./many/few+that:There is so little time that…
such adj.+名詞+that:Kathy is such a lovely girl that…
12、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is/was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 that/who 句子剩余部分
和定語從句的區(qū)別:It was 8 when I left home.(定語從句)
13、"wish +賓語從句",表示不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語+過去時;
表示過去的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語+had done;
表示將來的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語+would/could do
14、It was + 時間段+before…."過了多久才……"
It was not long before…."不久,就……"
It will (not) be +時間段+before…."要過多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語動詞要用一般時態(tài))
15、as if/though+主語+did/had done…
好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r用過去時;表示過去的情況用過去完成時)
例:Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
16、as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
注意:although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動詞或名詞放在連詞前。
17、in case of…(+n.) "以防;萬一";in case that…"以防,萬一……"(謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或should+動詞原形)
18. will和would的用法
will常與第二人稱you連用,表示征求對方意見,will you/won’t you?
would更委婉客氣一些,常用短語:would like to dowould rather寧愿
19. also用于肯定句,放在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞后;too&as well用于肯定句,放在句末(too用逗號隔開);either用于否定句,放在句末
如:John also plays piano./He speaks French, and English as well./I want to eat an apple, too./Idon’t watch TV, either.
20. but表轉(zhuǎn)折語氣最強(qiáng)烈
while強(qiáng)調(diào)前后者對比Tom is reading while Jim is playing football.
however表示轉(zhuǎn)折常用于插入語,需要和句子用逗號隔開
though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
21. 全部倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)
here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
如:There goes the bell.
表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
22、部分倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法
把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容詞 / 副詞”部分放在句首時,be動詞或助動詞放在主語前面。
如:So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.
用so,neither或nor構(gòu)成的特殊句型,表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同樣情況時,出現(xiàn)部分倒裝。
如:Jim asked the question. So did Lily.
把具有“否定”意義的詞語放在句首時,出現(xiàn)部分倒裝。
如:Never shall I forget your advice.
23、特殊情形倒裝
“only + 狀語從句”和“not until + 從句”位于句首時,在主句中進(jìn)行倒裝。
如:Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.
“not only...but also...”連接兩個分句,not only位于句首時,倒裝在not only所在分句進(jìn)行。
如:Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.
24. “no sooner...than...”句型中的nosooner位于句首時,倒裝在no sooner 主句中進(jìn)行;“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首時,倒裝在hardly / scarcely主句中進(jìn)行。

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