中考英語(yǔ)考前速記清單

（英語(yǔ)老師最后叮囑的68條語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)）

1．建議

advice 建議，忠告（不可數(shù)）; 

suggestion建議（可數(shù)）

   ________ useful advice you gave me!  (What)

   ________ valuable suggestion you have offered me! (What a)

2. room / space / place:

room“房間”（可數(shù)）;“空間”（不可數(shù)）

Could you make some room for me? 

你能為我讓一下空間嗎？

space“太空; 空間” （不可數(shù)）    in space在宇宙太空       

 Is there any space for me in the car? 

車?yán)镉薪o我留的空間嗎？(此處和room的含義相當(dāng))

 place“地方”（可數(shù)），指某一具體地點(diǎn)。

 I want to live in a place which is warm in winter. 

我想住在冬季溫暖的一個(gè)地方。

 It is a wonderful place to go (to).

3. news/ information/ message

news新聞，消息（不可數(shù)）; 

information信息（不可數(shù)）;

message音信，口信（可數(shù)）：

Can I take a message for you?

May I leave a message?

4. job/ work

 job, 可數(shù)：

I have a job as a teacher.     

 work, 不可數(shù)：

I cannot find work in this town.  

5. 聲音voice/ noise/ sound 

voice指人的聲音或嗓音; 

noise指難聽(tīng)刺耳的噪音，吵鬧聲; 

sound指聲音的總稱。

6. 數(shù)量 number / amount 

number 指可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量; 

amount 指不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量

7.the/ a  number of

the number of “…的數(shù)量”； 

a number of: “許多的”, 都跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

前者作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；后者作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

The number of the trees______ two thousand.   （用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)is. 另注意trees前有限定詞）

 A number of trees ________ been cut down.   （用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)have. 另注意trees前無(wú)限定詞）

8. other; else

other 修飾名詞，放于名詞前。

else修飾疑問(wèn)詞和不定代詞、不定副詞，放在后面。

What else can you see in the picture?   

Do you have anything else to say?   

Where else can you see it?

Jim is taller than any _____ boy in his class. (other)

9. well/ good

well:1)adj 指身體健康狀況好：

You look well today.

2) adv 修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞: sell well暢銷，do well in ; be well worth doing 很值得做

 good：adj.修飾人或物 be good at; smell good

 The clothes look _______ and they sell _______ on the market. (good; well)

10. already/ yet

already用于肯定句; yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句

11. also; too; as well; either

“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。

also, 通常挨著動(dòng)詞，少用于句尾。

too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗號(hào)。

as well, 只用于句尾, 前無(wú)逗號(hào)。  

注意：后三個(gè)詞都不用于否定句。

12. before; ago

ago“…時(shí)間前”結(jié)構(gòu)：時(shí)間段+ago, 用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.   I saw it ten minutes ago.     

 (若有since+時(shí)間段+ago，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Mr. Li has worked here since 5 years ago.)

  before 單獨(dú)放在句尾，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：“以前” I have been to London before.  

 (若是時(shí)間段+before,常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，“…前”：I had seen the film two weeks before. )  

13. almost; nearly; hardly

almost 幾乎，差不多，后接肯定或否定詞；nearly幾乎，差不多，后接肯定意義的詞。

hardly幾乎不，表否定。 

14. too much, too many與much too:

 much too“過(guò)于”，加形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。

much too hot / slowly等。

 too much“太多的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。

too much work / rain等。

 too many“太多的”，加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。

too many books / people等。

15. a bit / a little區(qū)別：

都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞或副詞。

 I’m a bit / a little hungry.   She feels a bit / a little tired.

 也都可作代詞（或形容詞），后接不可數(shù)名詞，但有所不同：

She ate a little bread and went out.   (a little 直接加不可數(shù)名詞)  

She ate a bit of bread. （a bit先加of，再跟名詞）

16. everyday與every day: 

everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。

He is practicing everyday English.   

every day是副詞，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，“每天”。

We speak English every day.

17．wish;hope

① wish既可接to do sth.  也可接sb + to do sth.  也可接that從句.

I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.    I wish you to join my party this Sunday.

I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）

wish還用來(lái)接祝愿語(yǔ)：wish sb a great success; wish you a happy journey; wish you good luck等。

② hope接to do sth. 或that從句. 但不接sb to do sth.

I hope to receive a letter from you some day.    I hope you will get well soon.

18. spend; take; cost; pay

①It + take + sb + some time + to do sth：    

 It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.

②物 + cost + sb + 錢(qián)： 

The bag cost me thirty yuan.

   若cost后無(wú)sb, 則譯作“價(jià)錢(qián)是”： 

The bag costs 30 Yuan.

③人+ pay + sb + 錢(qián) + for sth：   I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.

④人 + spend + 時(shí)間/ 錢(qián) + on sth / (in) doing sth.

   The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.

   The girl always spends much money on her clothes.

   spend 有時(shí)可指“度過(guò)”：spend holiday / weekends / winter

19. put on; wear; dress；in

①put on,“穿上”后接物。表行為，是短暫動(dòng)詞。

You should put on your coat when you leave.

②wear,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

He always wears the yellow sweater in winter.    

③dress, “給…穿衣”后接人。

Lucy is dressing her little brother now.

be dressed in后常接具有某種特征的衣物。也可直接加表示顏色的詞。

The lady is dressed in a white skirt.    

The students are all dressed in yellow.

get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接賓語(yǔ):  

He went out as soon as he got dressed.

dress up (as) ...“裝扮（成）......”

He dressed up as a clown. 

他裝扮成小丑。

④in, “穿著”后接具有某種特征的衣物，表狀態(tài)，是介詞，不可作謂語(yǔ)，可作狀語(yǔ)。

也可以直接加表示顏色的詞。  

The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.   

I want to talk to the boy in black. 

(我想找那個(gè)穿著黑衣服的男孩談?wù)劇?

20. reach; arrive; get 到達(dá)：

①get to + 地點(diǎn) get to Shanghai / London / China

 接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，不帶to.  get there / home / here.

②arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(如school / hospital)

arrive只作不及物動(dòng)詞，所以也可單獨(dú)用：

Please ring me up when you arrive.

③reach只作及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加地點(diǎn)：reach Beijing / England

 但常不說(shuō)reach home / there / here.

21. talk, tell, say, speak: 

①talk只作不及物動(dòng)詞。

Don’t talk in class.   

Shall we talk about our English study?

He is talking with his teacher.  

 May I talk to you?

(注意talk接人和接物時(shí)介詞搭配不同：talk with / to sb ;     talk about sth)

②tell只作及物動(dòng)詞,“告訴；講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)（tell sb sth.）,常用短語(yǔ)有：tell a lie; tell the truth; tell the difference between ---; tell sb a story; tell a joke

③say必須接有內(nèi)容，或邏輯上有內(nèi)容作賓語(yǔ)。  （所接內(nèi)容見(jiàn)以下劃線部分）

Please say it in English.   

How do you say that in English?   

Please show me what to say..

Do you have anything to say?   

I must say sorry to you.

④speak ●“說(shuō)話”不及物動(dòng)詞。

●接人時(shí)先加介詞to.    May I speak to Mr. Smith?   

●也可譯為“說(shuō)”，作及物動(dòng)詞，后接語(yǔ)言。Do you speak English / Chinese?

22. win與beat區(qū)別：

都有“贏”的意思。win后加物：

而beat后加的是人，也可譯為“打敗”：

I’m afraid they will beat us.

23. leave; forget

①leave可指“離開(kāi)” 

leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan

離開(kāi)鄭州到武漢

② leave留下；忘記  

I left my book at home.

 leave后接地點(diǎn)，而forget后無(wú)地點(diǎn)。如：

Sorry, I forgot the money.

24. take, bring, fetch與carry: 

都譯為“拿”。

◆take“拿走”，從說(shuō)話人處帶到另一處。Could you take the rubbish out when you leave?

◆bring“帶來(lái)”，從另一處帶到說(shuō)話人處。Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.

◆get“去拿來(lái)”，先到另一地拿東西，然后再返回到說(shuō)話人處。

 如：When you go back to the classroom, please get me my pen.

◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，沒(méi)有特定方向。Tim is carrying a box.

25. receive; accept

receive指收到，但不一定接受；accept 指接受，收下

I ________ a gift from one of my friends, but I don’t want to _________ it. (receive; accept)

26. put 短語(yǔ)

put on (穿上) 

 put off (推遲)  

put away (把…整理好) 

put up (舉起，搭起，掛起，張貼) 

put down (放下) 

put out(撲滅);

27. turn短語(yǔ)

turn on  打開(kāi)  

turn off   關(guān)閉 

 turn up   調(diào)大  

turn down  關(guān)小 

turn out   結(jié)果是

turn to sb  向某人求助

28. give  短語(yǔ)

give away  贈(zèng)送 

give out  發(fā)放

give up  放棄

give back  歸還

give in  屈服，讓步

29. take 短語(yǔ)

take off  脫下，起飛

take away  拿走

take out  拿出 

take in  吸收 

take up   從事

30.look 短語(yǔ)

 look up  查找 

look over  仔細(xì)查看

look after  照看

look out  當(dāng)心

look through   瀏覽

31. used 短語(yǔ)

used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事

be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事

be used to do sth =be used for doing sth被用來(lái)做某事

32．keep, make, get, have用法：

①keep + sb / sth doing sth “讓…一直做…” 

I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.   

(區(qū)別：keep + doing sth “堅(jiān)持做某事，一直做某事”)

②make + sb / sth do sth讓…做某事(接動(dòng)原） 

I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.     

make若用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原有后接動(dòng)詞原形要改為帶to不定式(本文源自錦鯉英語(yǔ)微信公眾號(hào))：

I made him wait for long. 

→He was made to wait for long.

③get + sb / sth to do sth.讓…做某事。

He got Peter to buy him a pen.

④have + 賓語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 / ing / 過(guò)去分詞

Have him do it, please.

讓他做它吧。（him 和 do 邏輯上形成主謂關(guān)系，do用原形。）

We had the machine working.

我們讓機(jī)器一直工作著。（讓某物一直在進(jìn)行著某事。）

We had the machine repaired.

我們讓人修理了那臺(tái)機(jī)器（讓機(jī)器被修理了，表被動(dòng)。）

⑤也都可接形容詞：keep safe / busy,   keep the door closed / open,

make us happy,  get the door closed,  have everything ready.   

33. in/ after+一段時(shí)間

in+一段時(shí)間，用于將來(lái)時(shí)，用how soon提問(wèn)。

after+一段時(shí)間，用于過(guò)去時(shí)

34.through / past / across 區(qū)別: 

都可作介詞，“穿過(guò)”，前常有位移動(dòng)詞(以下黑體部分)。

He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. 

（從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)）

He went past me without saying any words.  

（從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)）

 He swam across the river.  

（從表面經(jīng)過(guò)）【through,內(nèi)部; past,旁邊; across,表面】

 位移動(dòng)詞 + past相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞pass; 位移動(dòng)詞 + across相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞cross.

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