日期:2024-09-24 10:20 點(diǎn)擊:
介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞與句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用,可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可以作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語(yǔ))
那邊的那個(gè)男孩兒是約翰的哥哥(弟弟)。
The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ))
那個(gè)女孩兒將在兩小時(shí)以后回來(lái)。
Our English teacher is from
我們的英語(yǔ)老師來(lái)自澳大利亞。
Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
隨便吃些魚(yú)吧。
在上冊(cè)書(shū)中我們已經(jīng)重點(diǎn)講解了常見(jiàn)的表示方位的介詞的用法,今天我們除了重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)之前的知識(shí)點(diǎn)外,再學(xué)習(xí)一些新的介詞的用法。
1. 表示時(shí)間的介詞
表示時(shí)間的介詞主要有at, in, on;具體區(qū)別如下:
(1)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如:
at six o’clock 在六點(diǎn)鐘 at noon 在中午 at midnight 在午夜
(2)表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用in。例如:
in the ninth century 在第九世紀(jì)
in 2002 在2002年
in May在五月
in winter 在冬天
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon在下午
(3)表示具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上時(shí),用on。例如:
on Monday 在周一
on July 1st 在七月一日
on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上
表示時(shí)間的介詞還有before(在……前), after(在……后)等。例如:
before ten o’clock 在十點(diǎn)前 after breakfast 在早飯后
2. 表示地點(diǎn)或者方位的介詞或詞組
(1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面上”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到達(dá)上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark. 他們?cè)谔旌谇暗竭_(dá)了一個(gè)小村莊。
There is a big hole in the wall. 墻上有一個(gè)大洞。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老師在墻上掛了一張畫(huà)。
(2)between,among
between指在兩者之間,among指在三者或三者以上的人或者物之間。例如:
The library is between the post office and the market.
圖書(shū)館在郵局和市場(chǎng)之間。
The teacher is among the students.
老師在學(xué)生們中間。
(3)in front of,in the front of&before
in front of表示在(物體外部的)前面,in the front of表示在(物體內(nèi)部的)前面,before既可以作介詞也可以作連詞,既可以表示在某時(shí)間和位置的前面,也可以表示在順 序或次序的前面。例如:
In front of our classroom, there is a big tree.
我們教室前面有一棵樹(shù)。
There is a big TV set in the front of our classroom.
在教室的前面有一臺(tái)電視。
Please come before ten o’clock.
請(qǐng)?jiān)?0點(diǎn)鐘以前來(lái)。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
(4)in the middle of, in the center of
1)center中心、中央,該詞大體上接近于幾何概念,即一個(gè)圓或一個(gè)球內(nèi)的一點(diǎn),這一點(diǎn)與周?chē)娜魏我稽c(diǎn)的距離相等,也可喻為政治商業(yè)中心。
2)middle表示的中間,是相對(duì)而言,籠統(tǒng)的中部包括了中心再加上中心周?chē)糠郑琺iddle可用于空間、時(shí)間或某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中間。
因此,in the center of the park一般翻譯成“公園中心”,而in the middle of the park是“公園中部”,范圍比center大。
(5) across,through,past,over
表示從某一個(gè)物體的表面橫過(guò)、穿過(guò)用介詞across; 從某一個(gè)物體的里面或者一定范圍內(nèi)穿過(guò)、橫過(guò)用介詞through; 從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)用past;指在某物上方“通過(guò)、越過(guò)”,與表面不接觸,用over,常用來(lái)指“越過(guò)(籬笆、墻)等。例如:
They swam across the river. 他們游過(guò)了河。
The boys go through the forest quickly. 這些男孩子快速地穿過(guò)樹(shù)林?! ?/span>
They drove past a big supermarket. 他們開(kāi)車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)一家大超市。
The birds fly over the city. 鳥(niǎo)兒飛過(guò)城市。
(6)beside, by, near, next to
1)by和beside均表示“在……旁邊”,??蓳Q用。例如:
She stood by the window. 她站在窗邊。
The hotel is beside (/by) the river. 那家飯店在河邊。
Come and sit beside (/by) me. 過(guò)來(lái),坐在我邊上。
2)next to 指“緊靠著的旁邊”,意思和by與beside接近,有時(shí)互換。例如:
The new house next to the library is my house.
那座緊挨著圖書(shū)館的新房子是我家。
Come and sit next to (beside /by) me. 過(guò)來(lái)坐在我旁邊。
3)near指“在......附近,接近,近”,表示的距離比by和beside遠(yuǎn)一些。例如:
There is a post office near his home. 他家附近有一個(gè)郵局。
His home is very near. 他的房子就在附近。
常見(jiàn)的表示地點(diǎn)的介詞或者詞組還有:behind,inside, outside, along, across from等,需要同學(xué)們?cè)谝院蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)中不斷的總結(jié)。
3. 其他介詞
(1)about
about意為“關(guān)于,對(duì)于”,例如:
The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.
那個(gè)美國(guó)女孩兒想要了解中國(guó)歷史。
(2)from
from 意為“從……,自從”;常構(gòu)成詞組“from… to…”。例如:
I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我從周一到周五去學(xué)校。
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 從北京到上海有多遠(yuǎn)?
(3)with
with 意為“與……一起,附有,使用”等意思。例如:
He has a house with a small garden. 有一個(gè)帶著小花園的房子。
Can you play with me? 你能和我一起玩兒?jiǎn)幔?/span>
(4)of
of 意為“……的,屬于……的”常用來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系或者構(gòu)成一些詞組。例如:
Beijing is the capital of
What kind of movie do you like? 你喜歡哪一種電影?
(5)to
to意為“向,到,對(duì)”。例如:
Let me tell you the way to my house. 讓我告訴你去我家的路。
(6)for
for 意為“對(duì)于,為了,以……為代價(jià),(時(shí)間持續(xù))……之久”等。例如:
For breakfast, he likes eggs, bananas and apples. 早餐他吃雞蛋、香蕉和蘋(píng)果。
For boys, we have socks for only five dollars each.
對(duì)于男孩子,我們有僅僅五元一雙的襪子。
(7) as , like
like與as作介詞,都有“像”的意思。但有一定區(qū)別。
1)like意為“像……一樣”。用于相似關(guān)系,即兩者在形態(tài)上或性質(zhì)上有相似之處,但并不等于。
2)as意為“作為;以……身份”。用于說(shuō)明同一關(guān)系,即兩者實(shí)為一體。
例如:She talks to me like my mother.
她像我媽媽那樣跟我說(shuō)話(huà)。(她不是我媽媽?zhuān)?br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> She talks to me as a mother.
她以媽媽的身份跟我說(shuō)話(huà)。(她是我媽媽?zhuān)?/span>
Ⅰ. 看圖填空。
What’s in the room?
1.There is a clock _______ the wall near the window.
2.There is a window _______ the clock and the shelves.
3.There are three pictures _______ the wall near the door.
4.There is a table_______ the room.
5.There is a long sofa _______ the table.
6.There are some books ______ the shelves.
7.There is a small sofa ______ near the door.
8.There are two sofas _______the door.
Ⅱ. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。
1. The hotel is next ______ the supermarket.
2. Is there a park ______ the neighborhood?
3. There is a restaurant ______ the library and the school.
4. The school is across _______ the bank.
5. -Where is the bank?
-It’s ______Bridge Street.
6. The broom (掃帚) is ______ the door. We can’t see it.
7. They will arrive _____London next Monday.
8. Walk ______ Seventh Avenue. The hotel is _____ your left.
9. I put some flowers next ______my window.
10. Excuse me. Is there a fruit market______ here?
Ⅲ. 選詞填空。
1. He moves and talks _______(as/like) his father.
2. There is a pay phone _______ (next/ next to) the bank.
3. There is a tree ______ ( in the front of / in front of) the house.
4. He is standing ______ ( among / between) his students.
5. Don’t walk ______ ( cross / across) the road.
Ⅳ. 選擇填空。
1. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the woman in the city had a big party.
A. To B. In C. At D. On
2. Does your father go to work, _______ foot or _______ bike?
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
3. Lucy was _______ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
4. -How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
-I’m going there _______ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
5. We walk ______ the park and enjoy our meal under a tree.
A. across B. on
C. between D. through
6. You have to turn left ______ the first crossing.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
7. The plane arrived at London airport ______ Wednesday.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
8. Days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.
A. in/in B. in/on
C. from/to D. to/in
9. He said that he would meet us ____ the cinema.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
10. Can you tell me the way ______ Shanghai Zoo?
A. to B. at C. for D. towards
【真題鏈接】
1. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _____ four days.
A. after B. for C. during D. in
2.-Who is your favorite singer, Mike?
-TF Boys. They are very _____ boys and girls.
A. proud of B. popular with
C. strict with D. worried about
3.-Could you tell me the way _____ the railway station?
-Go along this road and soon you’ll find it.
A. at B. to C. in D. between
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